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Readers’ experiences of fiction and nonfiction influencing critical thinking

Helena Hollis

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science·2023·7 citations

This study investigated readers’ experiences of critical thinking and reading, comparing fiction and nonfiction. As previous research has shown links between fiction reading and increased social and cognitive capacities, and such capacities are argued to be necessary for critical thinking, this study sought to explore a potentially unique relationship between reading fiction and critical thinking, as distinct from nonfiction. In depth interviews were conducted with participants who self-identified as readers ( N = 12). Each reader was interviewed twice, first in a general discussion of their reading and critical thinking experiences, and secondly with reference to a text they selected to read. An open, iterative coding process yielded 10 codes from the data, forming five categories. These show links between reading experiences and critical thinking, the integration of critical thought into the reading experience through transportation into the text, and also differentiate fiction from nonfiction influences. Nonfiction was valued for its directness, assessable authorship, and questioning. Fiction was found to uniquely drive critical evaluations through the subtle and circuitous way it presented ideas, its complication of veracity, as well as giving rich and deep understandings of the real world. These findings suggest fiction reading experiences are connected with critical thinking in ways distinct to nonfiction, and as such could be an avenue for promoting critical thinking across society through public library provision.

★ 4.0 (1)

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Lipotoxicity Causes Multisystem Organ Failure and Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis in Obesity

Sarah Navina, Chathur Acharya, James P. DeLany, Lidiya S. Orlichenko, Catherine J. Baty, Sruti S. Shiva, Chandra Durgampudi, Jenny M. Karlsson, Kenneth Lee, Kyongtae T. Bae, Alessandro Furlan, Jaideep Behari, Shiguang Liu, Teresa McHale, Larry Nichols, Georgios Ioannis Papachristou, Dhiraj Yadav, Vijay P. Singh

Science Translational Medicine·2011·372 citations

Unsaturated fatty acids cause lipotoxicity and mediate acute adverse outcomes in obese individuals with pancreatitis.

★ 4.0 (1)

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How Gen Z is fighting back against digital brain rot | National Geographic

Dana Binfet

National Geographic·2025

From analog hobbies to tech curfews, these Gen Zers are experimenting with science-backed ways to help their brains feel a little less foggy.

★ 3.8 (4)

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AI-Augmented Predictions: LLM Assistants Improve Human Forecasting Accuracy

Philipp Schoenegger, Peter S. Park, Ezra Karger, Sean Trott, Philip E. Tetlock

arXiv·2024

Large language models (LLMs) match and sometimes exceeding human performance in many domains. This study explores the potential of LLMs to augment human judgement in a forecasting task. We evaluate the effect on human forecasters of two LLM assistants: one designed to provide high-quality ("superforecasting") advice, and the other designed to be overconfident and base-rate neglecting, thus providing noisy forecasting advice. We compare participants using these assistants to a control group that received a less advanced model that did not provide numerical predictions or engaged in explicit discussion of predictions. Participants (N = 991) answered a set of six forecasting questions and had the option to consult their assigned LLM assistant throughout. Our preregistered analyses show that interacting with each of our frontier LLM assistants significantly enhances prediction accuracy by between 24 percent and 28 percent compared to the control group. Exploratory analyses showed a pronounced outlier effect in one forecasting item, without which we find that the superforecasting assistant increased accuracy by 41 percent, compared with 29 percent for the noisy assistant. We further examine whether LLM forecasting augmentation disproportionately benefits less skilled forecasters, degrades the wisdom-of-the-crowd by reducing prediction diversity, or varies in effectiveness with question difficulty. Our data do not consistently support these hypotheses. Our results suggest that access to a frontier LLM assistant, even a noisy one, can be a helpful decision aid in cognitively demanding tasks compared to a less powerful model that does not provide specific forecasting advice. However, the effects of outliers suggest that further research into the robustness of this pattern is needed.

★ 3.0 (1)

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Searching for correlations between satellite galaxy populations and the cold circumgalactic medium around TNG50 galaxies

Mitali Damle, Stephanie Tonnesen, Martin Sparre, Philipp Richter

arXiv·2025

We investigate the impact of satellites, a potentially important contributor towards the cold gas assembly of a halo, on the cold gas budgets of 197 TNG50 simulated halos with masses of 10$^{10.85}$ $\le$ M$_{200c}$/M$_{\odot}$ $\le$ 10$^{12.24}$ at $z$ = 0. To highlight the effect of satellites, we split the sample into three mass bins. We find that the total number of satellites, total mass of satellites, number of massive satellites and stellar mass of the most massive satellite, all correlate with the cold gas mass in halos. The total number of satellites (stellar mass of the most massive satellite) correlates most with the halo cold gas mass for low (middle) mass halos. The number of massive or observable satellites correlates with cold gas mass in similar manner as the total number of satellites. Our findings can, therefore, be used to guide future observers to focus on the link between the number of observable satellites and the amount of cold gas in a halo. Despite this correlation, we find that much of the cold gas lies far from the satellites. This leads us to conclude that satellites are unlikely to be the main supplier for cold gas in halos, however we discuss how they may act in tandem with other sources such that the satellite population correlates with the total cold gas in their host halo.

★ 3.0 (1)

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