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Health and well-being after spousal loss among older men and women
Kenjiro Kawaguchi, Atsushi Nakagomi, Kazushige Ide, Kokoro Shirai, Chie Koga, Yu-Ru Chen, Katsunori Kondo, Koichiro Shiba
Journal of Affective Disorders·2026
Background and objectives
Spousal bereavement affects health and well-being, but gender differences and temporal patterns remain unclear. We examined associations between spousal loss and various outcomes by gender over time.
Research design and methods
This longitudinal study used three-wave data (2013, 2016, 2019) from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide cohort of independent adults aged ≥65 (n = 25,957; 34,252). For those married in 2013, spousal bereavement was assessed in 2016 and categorized into no bereavement, bereavement between 2015 and 2016, and bereavement between 2013 and 2015. We employed an outcome-wide approach to examine 37 outcomes across seven domains: physical and cognitive health, mental health, subjective well-being, social well-being, prosocial and altruistic behaviors, health behaviors, and cognitive social capital. Logistic, modified Poisson, and linear regression were performed with Bonferroni correction.
Results
Spousal loss was associated with higher risks of mortality and dementia among men, with weaker or no associations among women. Widowed men experienced increased depressive symptoms and hopelessness and decreased happiness during the first year, which diminished over time. Conversely, widowed women showed no increase in depressive symptoms and reported increased happiness and life satisfaction later. Both genders reported increased social participation; however, only men experienced reduced social support. Men also showed higher alcohol consumption, whereas women were more likely to attend health screening but became more sedentary.
Discussion and Implications
Men showed greater vulnerability to adverse outcomes, whereas women demonstrated resilience. These results highlight the necessity for gender-specific policy interventions to support recovery and adaptation among widowed older adults.
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View paper →Bubba: A Cancel-Culture Casualty
Nancy Rommelmann
Substack·2026
In light of the “news” about Kristi Noem’s husband, I am republishing a story I wrote about an Alabama mayor and preacher whose cross-dressing was discovered - and the tragedy that followed
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View paper →Systematic Review: Culturally Tailored Digital Substance Use Prevention Interventions for Black Adolescents
Kammarauche Aneni, Destiny Pegram, Jenny Meyer, Melissa C. Funaro, Roberta L. Bruhn, Uzochukwu Imo, Aaron Hogue, José Szapocznik, Ijeoma Opara
JAACAP Open·2026
Objective
Black adolescents differ from adolescents of other racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence, patterns, risk and protective factors, and consequences of substance use, underscoring the need for culturally tailored interventions. Black adolescents also experience unique barriers in access to interventions that may be amenable to digital interventions. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review has examined the efficacy of culturally tailored digital interventions for substance use prevention among Black adolescents. We systematically reviewed existing culturally tailored digital interventions for substance use prevention among Black adolescents and examined their efficacy in preventing substance use.
Method
The authors conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Search terms included both controlled vocabulary terms and free text terms for the concepts of digital interventions, substance use, and clinical trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing a culturally tailored intervention for Black adolescents to a control intervention. We determined the level of cultural tailoring (surface vs. deep-level tailoring) and assessed the impact of the interventions on substance use outcomes. We also evaluated the quality of studies using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Controlled Intervention Studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis summarizing results by study characteristics, intervention characteristics, and study outcomes/findings.
Results
Eleven manuscripts comprising of six studies testing six interventions (n=6) met the inclusion criteria. Proportion of black adolescents among studies varied from 41% to 100% (n=109-421). Four interventions significantly improved overall substance use outcomes with effect sizes ranging from 0.002-1.5 for alcohol use, 0.11-1.57 for marijuana use, 0.002-0.64 for tobacco use and 0.009-0.35 for other drugs. Five interventions also improved antecedents to substance use (e.g., self-efficacy, intentions to use drugs, parental monitoring). Effects persisted at long-term follow-ups (≥ 12 months) among 75% of interventions that examined these outcomes. Cultural tailoring varied widely among interventions, with four reporting surface-level adaptations, one reporting deep-level adaptations, and one study reporting both surface- and deep-level adaptations. Cultural tailoring largely focused on intervention content, with only two studies describing additional tailoring at the implementation level. One study assessed the impact of cultural tailoring on intervention outcomes. Interventions were tested in various settings, community (n=2), home (n=1), school (n=1), emergency department (n=1), and primary care (n=1); were delivered using a CD-ROM/computer (n=5) or videotape (n=1); and comprised different types of interventions: universal (n=4), selective (n=1), indicated (n=1).
Conclusion
Although the number of available studies is limited, culturally tailored digital interventions appear to be effective at improving substance use outcomes among Black adolescents and have been tested across various settings. However, the impact of cultural tailoring is challenging to isolate, given the wide variability in the description of culturally tailored content, the lack of homogeneity in the study samples, and the lack of evaluation of the effect of cultural tailoring on intervention outcomes. Given rapid advances in digital technologies and the pressing need to curtail the rise in substance use among Black adolescents, designing, testing, and implementing digital interventions that meet the needs of Black adolescents is imperative.
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