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Associations between social media and crystallized and fluid performance trajectories in early adolescence

Cory Carvalho, Niyantri Ravindran

Journal of Research on Adolescence·2025

Abstract Longitudinal evidence on social media use and cognitive abilities trajectory coupling across early adolescence is sparse. In this study, data from the ABCD Study (Baseline N ~ 12,000; M age = 9.9; White = 52.0%, Hispanic = 20.3%, Black = 15.0%, Asian = 2.1%, Other = 10.5%; Female = 47.8%) were used to examine whether growth processes in social media use and cognitive performances (i.e., crystallized abilities, inhibitory control/attention, and processing speed) were associated over 4 years in early adolescence. Parallel process latent growth curve models revealed that the trajectory of social media use was negatively coupled with crystallized and inhibitory control/attention performance trajectories, indicating potential trade‐offs. Conversely, the trajectories of social media and processing speed were positively coupled, possibly due to practice‐based transfer.

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Transformer-Based Time-Domain Precoding Extrapolation for Massive MIMO

Bo Lin, Hongyao Li, Huanming Zhang, Shaodan Ma, Feifei Gao

IEEE Transactions on Communications·2025

No abstract available

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Disparities in Biological Aging and Brain Health: Insights from Diverse Midlife Adults

Indira C. Turney, Benjamin D. Huber, Calen P. Ryan, Justina F. Avila, Patrick J. Lao, Miguel Arce Rentería, Jessica Mazen, Daniel W. Belsky, Jennifer J. Manly, Adam Brickman

Alzheimer's & Dementia·2025

Abstract Background Advanced biological is associated with cumulative physiological damage resulting from chronic exposure to environmental and social stressors. The Weathering Hypothesis posits that such exposure—especially in marginalized populations—accelerates biological aging, contributing to health disparities and elevated Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) risk. Midlife is a pivotal period for brain aging, marked by structural changes such as increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and reduced cortical thickness (CT). However, the interplay among advanced biological aging, MRI‐based brain aging markers, and social determinants of health across racially/ethnically diverse populations remains poorly understood. Understanding these dynamics is essential for addressing disparities in brain health and AD/ADRD outcomes. Method We examined the association between biological age acceleration (GrimAge) and ADRD‐related MRI measures (WMH volume and CT) in 681 racially/ethnically diverse adults aged 45–65 years from the Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease. Linear regression models assessed the relationships between biological age acceleration and MRI outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, and estimated intracranial volume. Stratified analyses explored associations within racial/ethnic groups. Interaction terms tested the moderating effects of years of education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden on these associations. Result In this diverse midlife cohort (66% women; 69% Latinx, 22% Black, 7.5% White; mean age=54±11 years; mean education=13.3 ±3.4 years), accelerated aging was significantly associated with increased WMH volume (β=0.014, 95%CI [0.003,0.025]), but not cortical thickness (β=0.562, 95%CI [0.003,0.025]). The relationship between biological age and WMH was amplified in participants with greater CVD burden (β=0.028, 95%CI [0.011,0.045]). Participants with higher education, Latinx, or White showed less biological age acceleration. Stratified analyses revealed that the association between biological age acceleration and greater WMH volume was marginally strongest in Black (β=0.013, 95%CI [‐0.008,0.033]) and Latinx participants (β=0.014, 95%CI [0.001,0.028]), compared with White participants. Conclusion Accelerated biological aging is associated with increased WMH volume and may contribute to disparities in brain health, particularly among individuals with greater cardiovascular burden. These results highlight the need for targeted, multifaceted interventions that account for sociocultural and biological influences to reduce brain health disparities and promote equity in ADRD outcomes.

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"Analyzing Student Reflections on Introductory Information Literacy Instruction" by Amanda Nichols Hess, Emily Ruth Benoit et al.

Amanda Nichols Hess, Emily Ruth Benoit, Rebecca M. Krystyniak, Stephanie Williams

PDXScholar·2025

Reflection is a useful pedagogical tool for both learners in instructional settings and educators seeking to offer meaningful experiences; in this article, a group of academic librarians use the former to engage with the latter. We analyzed more than 830 first-year students’ responses to a reflection question posed at the conclusion of library instruction over the course of the 2023–2024 academic year with a specific eye to the concepts that were and were not resonant, as well as whether there were common areas of confusion. We used a grounded theory approach to make sense of the data and allow ideas to emerge. Based on our analysis, students seemed to find concrete applications of the information literacy frame “Searching as Strategic Exploration” to be their most immediate takeaways, while other frames—such as “Authority Is Constructed and Contextual” and “Information Has Value”—seemed to be less important. We were able to use this large-scale qualitative data set to more comprehensively understand students’ engagement with and meaning derived from these interactions. Better understanding what did—and did not—matter to our students can help us to be more effective instructors and to create more authentic learning experiences.

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Assessing Nudge Impact: A Comprehensive Second‐Order Meta‐Analysis

Bo Hu, Ziqian Xia, Qingcheng Guo, Chang Lu, Sara M. Constantino, Xingda Ju

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making·2025

ABSTRACT Nudging as a strategy to alter behaviors has garnered increasing attention from both researchers and policymakers. Here, we conduct a second‐order meta‐analysis, synthesizing 13 articles (14 meta‐analyses) that include 1638 primary studies and approximately 30 million participants. We find a small aggregated effect size across these meta‐analyses ( d = 0.27, 95% CI [0.16, 0.38]), which drops to d = 0.004 after adjusting for publication bias. Examining the methodological quality of the meta‐analyses, we find that most were rated as low or critically low, suggesting that our findings, which inherit these limitations, should be interpreted with caution. This study provides the most comprehensive synthesis of the effectiveness of nudging to date, while underscoring the urgent need for higher quality, preregistered meta‐analyses to clarify the true impact.

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Mysterious illnesses have supernatural and ritualistic cures: Evidence from 3,655 century-old Irish folk cures

Mícheál de Barra, Ángel V. Jiménez, Nachita Rosun, Aiyana K. Willard

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·2025

Why and when do people draw upon religious and supernatural solutions to problems? Cognitive scientists and anthropologists have proposed a range of answers, stressing religion and ritual’s capacity to alleviate anxiety, create a sense of order, or explain otherwise inexplicable events. Here, we leverage a unique dataset of 3,655 folk cures for 35 diseases, collected in 1937/8 from a mostly rural Irish sample born roughly between 1850 and 1925. Since the diseases vary in theory-relevant ways and the cures vary in the degree to which they include religious and supernatural elements, this dataset facilitates a unique test of these predictions in a premodern western population. In preregistered tests, we find that diseases judged by two doctors to have causes and mechanisms that would be unclear to the patients were more likely to have supernatural/religious treatments. Contra common predictions, severe and disabling diseases did not have more supernatural/religious cures and anxiety-provoking diseases did not have more ritualistic cures.

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Your personalresearch library

All Papers

Associations between social media and crystallized and fluid performance trajectories in early adolescence

Transformer-Based Time-Domain Precoding Extrapolation for Massive MIMO

Disparities in Biological Aging and Brain Health: Insights from Diverse Midlife Adults

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"Analyzing Student Reflections on Introductory Information Literacy Instruction" by Amanda Nichols Hess, Emily Ruth Benoit et al.

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Estimating the heterogeneous effect of life satisfaction on mortality: A causal machine-learning approach.

Assessing Nudge Impact: A Comprehensive Second‐Order Meta‐Analysis

Mysterious illnesses have supernatural and ritualistic cures: Evidence from 3,655 century-old Irish folk cures

How lifestyle, social determinants of health, and sex shape life expectancy in China

How lifestyle, social determinants of health, and sex shape life expectancy in China