Juliane Horvath, Christina Mundinger, Mike M Schmitgen, Nadine D Wolf, Fabio Sambataro, Dusan Hirjak, Katharina M Kubera, Julian Koenig, Robert Christian Wolf
Addictive behaviors·2020
Popularity and availability of smartphones have dramatically increased in the past years. This trend is accompanied by increased concerns regarding potentially adverse effects of excessive smartphone use, particularly with respect to physical and mental health. Recently, the term "smartphone addiction" (SPA) has been introduced to describe smartphone-related addictive behavior and associated physical and psychosocial impairment. Here, we used structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic neural activity in individuals with SPA (n = 22) compared to a control group (n = 26). SPA was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI), GMV was investigated by means of voxel-based morphometry, and intrinsic neural activity was measured by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). Compared to controls, individuals with SPA showed lower GMV in left anterior insula, inferior temporal and parahippocampal cortex (p < 0.001, uncorrected for height, followed by correction for spatial extent). Lower intrinsic activity in SPA was found in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A significant negative association was found between SPAI and both ACC volume and activity. In addition, a significant negative association between SPAI scores and left orbitofrontal GMV was found. This study provides first evidence for distinct structural and functional correlates of behavioral addiction in individuals meeting psychometric criteria for SPA. Given their widespread use and increasing popularity, the present study questions the harmlessness of smartphones, at least in individuals that may be at increased risk for developing smartphone-related addictive behaviors.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review·2007·111 citations
Researchers spend a great deal of time reading research papers. However, this skill is rarely taught, leading to much wasted effort. This article outlines a practical and efficient
three-pass method
for reading research papers. I also describe how to use this method to do a literature survey.
The Teaching of Translation, Ed. Cay Dollerup & Anne Loddegaard, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992, 279-288.
If the fear of falling into error introduces an element of distrust into
science, which without any scruples of that sort goes to work and
actually does know, it is not easy to understand why, conversely, a
distrust should not be placed in this very distrust, and why we should
not take care lest the fear of error is not just the initial error.
Introduction to The Phenomenology of Mind, trans. J. B. Baille