Oldest Papers
Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichodermamycoparasitism
Lea Atanasova, Stephane Le Crom, Sabine Gruber, Fanny Coulpier, Verena Seidl-Seiboth, Christian P Kubicek, Irina S Druzhinina
BMC Genomics·2013·257 citations
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p>
<jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> is a genus of mycotrophic filamentous fungi (teleomorph <jats:italic>Hypocrea</jats:italic>) which possess a bright variety of biotrophic and saprotrophic lifestyles. The ability to parasitize and/or kill other fungi (mycoparasitism) is used in plant protection against soil-borne fungal diseases (biological control, or biocontrol). To investigate mechanisms of mycoparasitism, we compared the transcriptional responses of cosmopolitan opportunistic species and powerful biocontrol agents <jats:italic>Trichoderma atroviride</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. virens</jats:italic> with tropical ecologically restricted species <jats:italic>T. reesei</jats:italic> during confrontations with a plant pathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia solani</jats:italic>.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>The three <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> spp. exhibited a strikingly different transcriptomic response already before physical contact with alien hyphae. <jats:italic>T. atroviride</jats:italic> expressed an array of genes involved in production of secondary metabolites, GH16 ß-glucanases, various proteases and small secreted cysteine rich proteins. <jats:italic>T. virens</jats:italic>, on the other hand, expressed mainly the genes for biosynthesis of gliotoxin, respective precursors and also glutathione, which is necessary for gliotoxin biosynthesis. In contrast, <jats:italic>T. reesei</jats:italic> increased the expression of genes encoding cellulases and hemicellulases, and of the genes involved in solute transport. The majority of differentially regulated genes were orthologues present in all three species or both in <jats:italic>T. atroviride</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. virens</jats:italic>, indicating that the regulation of expression of these genes is different in the three <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> spp. The genes expressed in all three fungi exhibited a nonrandom genomic distribution, indicating a possibility for their regulation via chromatin modification.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
<jats:sec>
<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
<jats:p>This genome-wide expression study demonstrates that the initial <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> mycotrophy has differentiated into several alternative ecological strategies ranging from parasitism to predation and saprotrophy. It provides first insights into the mechanisms of interactions between <jats:italic>Trichoderma</jats:italic> and other fungi that may be exploited for further development of biofungicides.</jats:p>
</jats:sec>
No ratings yet
View paper →The People of the Book - Since When? - Jewish Review of Books
Haym Soleveitchik
Jewish Review of Books·2013
No abstract available
★ 5.0 (1)
View paper →Recognition: organized hypocrisy once again
Stephen D. Krasner
International Theory·2013·11 citations
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →Theorizing state recognition
Mikulas Fabry
International Theory·2013·10 citations
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →<i>Symposium</i> ‘The politics of international recognition’
Hans Agné, Jens Bartelson, Eva Erman, Thomas Lindemann, Benjamin Herborth, Oliver Kessler, Christine Chwaszcza, Mikulas Fabry, Stephen D. Krasner
International Theory·2013·45 citations
<jats:p>Recognition plays a multifaceted role in international theory. In rarely communicating literatures, the term is invoked to explain creation of new states and international structures; policy choices by state and non-state actors; and normative justifiability, or lack thereof, of foreign and international politics. The purpose of this symposium is to open new possibilities for imagining and studying recognition in international politics by drawing together different strands of research in this area. More specifically, the forum brings new attention to controversies on the creation of states, which has traditionally been a preserve for discussion in International Law, by invoking social theories of recognition that have developed as part of International Relations more recently. It is suggested that broadening imagination across legal and social approaches to recognition provides the resources needed for theories with this object to be of maximal relevance to political practice.</jats:p>
No ratings yet
View paper →Three concepts of recognition
Jens Bartelson
International Theory·2013·68 citations
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →Olmec Things and Identity: A Reassessment of Offerings and Burials at La Venta, Tabasco
John E. Clark, Arlene Colman
Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association·2013·12 citations
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Our study of offerings and elite burials at the Olmec site of La Venta attempts to distinguish primitive valuables from inalienable goods. According to Annette Weiner, inalienable objects are those that can circulate in exchange systems without changing ownership, or more importantly, can be withheld from exchange altogether. Key differences between inalienable goods and other valuables is group ownership through generations. Analysis of objects found in La Venta offerings and burials suggests that the most valuable possessions circulated historically and were too valuable to be buried with queens or kings. Their jade finery did not include crowns, specters, or masks.</jats:p>
No ratings yet
View paper →Interroger le choix des études supérieures
Sophie Orange
Genèses·2013·18 citations
<jats:p>En s’appuyant sur une double expérience d’administrations de questionnaires auprès d’étudiants de Sections de technicien supérieur, l’article interroge la fausse neutralité des outils de mesure du sociologue. Le fort taux de non-réponses constaté pour certaines questions portant sur les choix scolaires invite à une réflexion sur les présupposés et les implicites contenus dans les formulations et les modalités proposés aux enquêtés, avant même que d’incriminer les modalités de la passation.</jats:p>
★ 4.0 (1)
View paper →A Weeping Man and the Mourning Ritual: Literati Writing and the Rhetoric of Funeral Oration in Eighteenth-Century Joseon
Keysook Choe
Korea Journal·2013
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →False memories of fabricated political events
Steven J. Frenda, Eric D. Knowles, William Saletan, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology·2013·99 citations
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →Walking or Waiting? Topologies of the Breeding Ground in Malaria Control
Ann H. Kelly, Javier Lezaun
Science as Culture·2013·20 citations
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →Confused parchments, infinite socialities – The Immanent Frame
John Lardas Modern
SSRC The Immanent Frame·2013
No abstract available
No ratings yet
View paper →