Oldest Papers
Errors, efficiency, and the interplay between attention and category learning
Mark R. Blair, Marcus R. Watson, Kimberly M. Meier
Cognition·2009·36 citations
No abstract available
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View paper →What is Archaeological Ethnography?
Yannis Hamilakis, Aris Anagnostopoulos
Public Archaeology·2009·110 citations
No abstract available
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View paper →New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany
Nicholas J. Conard, Maria Malina, Susanne C. Münzel
Nature·2009·313 citations
No abstract available
★ 5.0 (1)
View paper →The essentiality of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
Hau D. Le, Jonathan A. Meisel, Vincent E. de Meijer, Kathleen M. Gura, Mark Puder
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids·2009·138 citations
No abstract available
★ 4.0 (1)
View paper →Chapter 9 Reforming the German Civil Servant Pension Plan
Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Ralph Rogalla
The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems·2009·3 citations
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This chapter analyzes the risks and rewards of moving from an unfunded defined benefit pension system to a funded plan for civil servants in Germany, allowing for alternative portfolio mixes using a Monte Carlo framework and a Conditional Value at Risk metric. The authors identify an investment strategy for plan assets that will minimize worst-case pension costs; this turns out to be 22 percent in equities, 47 percent in bonds, and 31 percent in real estate. The authors show that moving toward a funded pension system for German civil servants can be beneficial to both taxpayers and civil servants.</jats:p>
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View paper →Nguồn cơn của "De Profundis" - bức thư tình 50.000 từ viết trong xà lim
Midori Momoiro Facebook user
2009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Profundis_(letter)
https://midoribooks.wordpress.com/
★ 4.0 (1)
View paper →The chemokine Bv8/prokineticin 2 is up-regulated in inflammatory granulocytes and modulates inflammatory pain
Elisa Giannini, Roberta Lattanzi, Annalisa Nicotra, Antonio F. Campese, Paola Grazioli, Isabella Screpanti, Gianfranco Balboni, Severo Salvadori, Paola Sacerdote, Lucia Negri
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·2009·79 citations
Neutrophil migration into injured tissues is invariably accompanied by pain. Bv8/prokineticin 2 (PK2), a chemokine characterized by a unique structural motif comprising five disulfide bonds, is highly expressed in inflamed tissues associated to infiltrating cells. Here, we demonstrate the fundamental role of granulocyte-derived PK2 (GrPK2) in initiating inflammatory pain and driving peripheral sensitization. In animal models of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw inflammation the development and duration of pain temporally correlated with the expression levels of PK2 in the inflamed sites. Such an increase in PK2 mRNA depends mainly on a marked up-regulation ofPK2gene transcription in granulocytes. A substantially lower up-regulation was also detected in macrophages. From a pool of peritoneal granulocytes, elicited in rats by oyster glycogen, we purified the GrPK2 protein, which displayed high affinity for the prokineticin receptors (PKRs) and, when injected into the rat paw, induced hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli as the amphibian prokineticin Bv8 did. Mice lacking PKR1 or PKR2 developed significantly less inflammation-induced hyperalgesia in comparison with WT mice, confirming the involvement of both PKRs in inflammatory pain. The inflammation-induced up-regulation of PK2 was significantly less inpkr1null mice than in WT andpkr2null mice, demonstrating a role of PKR1 in setting PK2 levels during inflammation. Pretreatment with a nonpeptide PKR antagonist, which preferentially binds PKR1, dose-dependently reduced and eventually abolished both prokineticin-induced hypernociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Inhibiting PK2 formation or antagonizing PKRs may represent another therapeutic approach for controlling inflammatory pain.
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