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Choosing to Go It Alone: Irish Neutrality in Theoretical and Comparative Perspective
Neal G. Jesse
Realist and liberal paradigms of foreign policy analysis offer different views of the important policy stance of neutrality. Realism explains a neutral stance as the rational calculation of a small state's interests in the state-centered, unfriendly, self-help environment. Liberalism argues that international norms and internal dynamics lead nations to seek and maintain neutrality. This article explores the neutral foreign policy stance of the Republic of Ireland from 1938 to the present in comparison to Austria, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland. The Irish policy of neutrality differs from the other European neutrals in two important ways: it is unarmed neutrality and it is not impartial neutrality. I argue that domestic actors, public opinion, and governmental decision-making institutions provide an explanation for the continuing stance of neutrality. Thus, liberalism provides a better explanation for Irish neutrality than realism. The value of this study is that it illustrates in a comparative perspective the varying sources of neutrality in Europe and points to the continued usefulness of varied perspectives in understanding historical and contemporary foreign policy.
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View paper →Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Hannah Brock, Abid Rizvi, Manassa Hany
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition estimated to affect 1% to 3% of individuals throughout their lifetime.[1][2] This psychiatric disorder is characterized by obsessions and compulsions, which consume a significant amount of time and lead to notable distress and impairment. Obsessions refer to intrusive and repetitive thoughts, urges, or mental images that are challenging to control. These thoughts often lack a clear purpose and are accompanied by distress.[3] Compulsions involve repetitive actions or mental events that individuals with OCD feel compelled to perform to alleviate the distress caused by the obsessions or to prevent a feared consequence from occurring.[3] Additionally, individuals with OCD may also engage in avoidance behaviors of obsession-triggering situations.[2]
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View paper →Pathology and pathogenesis of human leptospirosis: a commented review - PMC
Thales De Brito, Ana Maria Gonçalves da Silva, Patrícia Antonia Estima Abreu
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial septicemic febrile disease caused by pathogenic leptospires, which affect humans and animals in all parts of the world. Transmission can occur by direct contact with infected animals or, more commonly, through ...
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