Newest and Lowest Rated Papers

Abstract We introduce the neural network architecture spender as a core differentiable building block for analyzing, representing, and creating galaxy spectra. It combines a convolutional encoder, which pays attention to up to 256 spectral features and compresses them into a low-dimensional latent space, with a decoder that generates a restframe representation, whose spectral range and resolution exceeds that of the observing instrument. The decoder is followed by explicit redshift, resampling, and convolution transformations to match the observations. The architecture takes galaxy spectra at arbitrary redshifts and is robust to glitches like residuals of the skyline subtraction, so that spectra from a large survey can be ingested directly without additional preprocessing. We demonstrate the performance of spender by training on the entire spectroscopic galaxy sample of SDSS-II; show its ability to create highly accurate reconstructions with substantially reduced noise; perform deconvolution and oversampling for a superresolution model that resolves the [O ii] doublet; introduce a novel method to interpret attention weights as proxies for important spectral features; and infer the main degrees of freedom represented in the latent space. We conclude with a discussion of future improvements and applications.

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News, Noise, and Fluctuations: An Empirical Exploration

Olivier J Blanchard, Jean-Paul L'Huillier, Guido Lorenzoni

American Economic Review·2013·236 citations

We explore empirically models of aggregate fluctuations in which consumers form anticipations about the future based on noisy sources of information and these anticipations affect output in the short run. Our objective is to separate fluctuations due to changes in fundamentals (news) from those due to temporary errors in agents' estimates (noise). We show that structural VARs cannot be used to identify news and noise shocks, but identification is possible via a method of moments or maximum likelihood. Next, we estimate our model on US data. Our results suggest that noise shocks explain a sizable fraction of short-run consumption fluctuations. (JEL D84, E13, E21, E32)

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Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Survey

Aisha Alansari, Hamzah Luqman

arXiv·2025

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse tasks. However, their impressive fluency often comes at the cost of producing false or fabricated information, a phenomenon known as hallucination. Hallucination refers to the generation of content by an LLM that is fluent and syntactically correct but factually inaccurate or unsupported by external evidence. Hallucinations undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of LLMs, especially in domains requiring factual accuracy. This survey provides a comprehensive review of research on hallucination in LLMs, with a focus on causes, detection, and mitigation. We first present a taxonomy of hallucination types and analyze their root causes across the entire LLM development lifecycle, from data collection and architecture design to inference. We further examine how hallucinations emerge in key natural language generation tasks. Building on this foundation, we introduce a structured taxonomy of detection approaches and another taxonomy of mitigation strategies. We also analyze the strengths and limitations of current detection and mitigation approaches and review existing evaluation benchmarks and metrics used to quantify LLMs hallucinations. Finally, we outline key open challenges and promising directions for future research, providing a foundation for the development of more truthful and trustworthy LLMs.

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A History of the Feminist Translation Movement in the 1980s’ Turkey: The Case of ‘Kadın Çevresi Publishing’

Erdem Akgun

Contemporary Translation Studies·2021

This chapter investigates the history of “Kadın Çevresi Publishing” in the Turkish context in the 1980s and the roles of both translations and translators under this roof within this context. In this regard, underlining the act of translation and translators as active agents in the process of cultural transmission, this chapter puts forward that the practical, theoretical, and conceptual development of the feminist movement in Turkey in the 1980s found solid grounds by virtue of translations of the key texts of the Western feminism, and the efforts of translators engaging in translation in accordance with a feminism-led activist agenda.

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Nanoparticles, thin films and temperature-dependent oxidation characteristics of metallic bismuth synthesized via solventless pyrolysis of bismuth(III) dithiolates: Polymorphism and photocatalytic dye degradation of bismuth sesquioxide

Xianglong Liu, Tingting Wang, Longhua Li, Junli Wang

Inorganic Chemistry Communications·2026

In this study, we report the preparation of Bi nanoparticles (NPs) and thin films via the solventless pyrolysis of bismuth(III) dithiolates (Bi2(S2CnH2n)3, n = 3, 4) at 160–220 °C, whose thermolysis features the absence of the precursor melting and finishes before the product (Bi metal) melting, and then we demonstrate their oxidation conversion to Bi2O3 NPs and thin films at different temperatures. The polymorphs and phase transitions of so-formed Bi2O3 are highly dependent on the oxidation temperature. Pure-phase β-Bi2O3 (tetragonal), formed by thermally oxidizing Bi NPs at 400 °C, will transform to α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) by the traditionally known phase transition or β’-Bi2O3 by the c-oriented lattice thermal expansion as the oxidation temperature increases to 500 and 600 °C, which normally leads to an incomplete β → α transition and a mixed product of β’(β)/α phases. Compared to the β phase, the lattice-expanded variant β’-Bi2O3 is found to be stable at both high temperature (500–600 °C) and room temperature (RT) and to display a wide bandgap (∼3.0 eV), a narrow visible-light absorption range and thus relatively poor activity in RhB photodegradation. Moreover, Bi NPs are also found to be oxidized to bismuth oxycarbonate (Bi2O2CO3) at RT in the presence of H2O and CO2. This work opens a novel avenue to synthesize Bi and Bi2O3 NPs and thin films and presents new findings and insights regarding the phase regulation, polymorphism and photocatalytic performance of Bi2O3.

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Detecting the need for change: How the British Army adapted to warfare on the Western Front and in the Southern Cameroons

Michael A. Hunzeker, Kristen A. Harkness

European Journal of International Security·2021·2 citations

AbstractThis article addresses a gap in the literature on military adaptation by focusing on the first step in the adaptive process: detecting failure. We argue that institutionalised feedback loops are a critical mechanism for facilitating detection. Feedback loops are most effective when they filter information and distribute lessons learned to senior tactical commanders. In turn, effective filtration depends on incorporating frontline soldiers and specialists into intelligence cells while creating a protected space for dissent. We evaluate our theory against both irregular and conventional wars fought by the British Army: the counterinsurgency campaign in the Southern Cameroons (1960–1) as well as the evolution of British assault tactics on the Western Front of the First World War (1914–18).

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Newest and Lowest Rated Papers

Ain’t No New Black Panthers

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Autoencoding Galaxy Spectra. I. Architecture

News, Noise, and Fluctuations: An Empirical Exploration

Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Survey

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The evolution of landscape ecology reflected in 100 books

A History of the Feminist Translation Movement in the 1980s’ Turkey: The Case of ‘Kadın Çevresi Publishing’

Nanoparticles, thin films and temperature-dependent oxidation characteristics of metallic bismuth synthesized via solventless pyrolysis of bismuth(III) dithiolates: Polymorphism and photocatalytic dye degradation of bismuth sesquioxide

‘There’s no way my daughter would have jumped’: why are so many Turkish women falling to their deaths?

Detecting the need for change: How the British Army adapted to warfare on the Western Front and in the Southern Cameroons