Oldest Papers
Oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formulas compared to human milk – A preliminary study
Marie‐Caroline Michalski, Catherine Calzada, Asami Makino, Sabine Michaud, Michel Guichardant
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·2008·69 citations
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Information about lipid oxidation in fresh and stored human milk compared with infant formulas is scarce. We aimed to assess<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐6 and<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA oxidation in these milks by measuring the 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) and 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE) content. Human milk samples (<jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 4), obtained from volunteer mothers, were analyzed fresh and after 1 wk at 4°C or 24 h at 18°C. Vitamin E and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by HPLC and fatty acid profile by GC. The 4‐HHE and 4‐HNE contents were measured by GC‐MS. Infant formulas (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10) were tested; their fat droplet size was measured by laser light scattering and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Human milk samples contained 31.0 ± 6.3 g/L of lipids and 1.14 ± 0.26 mg/L of vitamin E. Fat droplets were smaller in infant formulas than reported in human milk. The (4‐HHE/<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA) ratio was 0.19 ± 0.01 μg/g in fresh human milk (unchanged after storage)<jats:italic> versus</jats:italic> 3.6 ± 3.1 μg/g in dissolved powder formulas and 4.3 ± 3.8 μg/g in liquid formula. (4‐HNE/<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐6 PUFA) was 0.004 ± 0.000 μg/g in fresh milk (0.03 ± 0.01 μg/g after storage) <jats:italic>versus</jats:italic> 1.1 ± 1.0 μg/g in dissolved powder formulas and 0.2 ± 0.3 μg/g in liquid formula. Infant formulas also contained more MDA than human milk.<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA were more prone to oxidation than <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐6 PUFA. Whether threshold levels of 4‐HHE and 4‐HNE would be of health concern should be elucidated.</jats:p>
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View paper →NARRATIVE, THEOLOGY AND LITERATURE
Stephen Prickett
Religion & Literature·2009
No abstract available
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View paper →Radical Feminism and the Nation: History and Space in the Political Imagination of Second-Wave Feminism
VOICHITA NACHESCU
Journal for the Study of Radicalism·2009
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View paper →Theorising Patriarchy: The Bangladesh Context
Farah Deeba Chowdhury
Asian Journal of Social Science·2009
In Bangladesh, men dominate, oppress and exploit women through private and public patriarchy. Private patriarchy is maintained in the family through the misinterpretation of religion and the non-recognition of unpaid work done by women at home. In the family women are considered as passive dependants and property of their husbands. Women are also excluded from economic and political power through public patriarchy. In the public arena women are only considered as sexual objects and patriarchy is maintained through sexual harassment. Capital accumulation further strengthens patriarchy in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, men's attitudes towards women are shaped by advertisements, films, beauty contests and pornography where women are used as sexual objects to accumulate capital. Increasingly, men have started to use the dowry system for capital accumulation. Thus men in Bangladesh accumulate capital through private and public patriarchy.
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View paper →Why Do Soldiers Rape? Masculinity, Violence, and Sexuality in the Armed Forces in the Congo (DRC)
Maria Eriksson Baaz, Maria Stern
International Studies Quarterly·2009
This article explores the ways soliders in the Congo speak about the massive amount of rape committed by the armed forces in the recent war in the DRC. It focuses on the reasons that the soliders give to why rape occurs. It discusses how the soldiers distinguish between
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View paper →The Graph Neural Network Model
F. Scarselli, M. Gori, Ah Chung Tsoi, M. Hagenbuchner, G. Monfardini
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks·2009·6521 citations
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View paper →Mastering Masques of Blackness: Jonson's
ANDREA STEVENS
English Literary Renaissance·2009
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View paper →Hegelian Rhetoric
Thora Ilin Bayer
Philosophy & Rhetoric·2009
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View paper →The Interaction of Bengali and Japanese Artistic Milieus in the First Half of the Twentieth Century (1901-1945): Rabindranath Tagore, Arai Kanpō, and Nandalal Bose
Shigemi Inaga
Japan Review·2009
In both India and Japan, the literature on twentieth-century art history has been elaborated within the framework of nation-building. Japan enjoyed independence during the first half of that century, while India endured colonial rule. However, the difference between polities did not prevent intellectuals from the two cultural spheres from engaging in intensive interactions. This essay focuses on Okakura Kakuzō (Tenshin), author of The Ideals of the East (1904), and the painters Yokoyama Taikan, Hishida Shunsō, and Arai Kanpō. Yokoyama and Hishida were invited to India through Okakura's agency, and Yokoyama subsequently recommended Arai for an expedition to India. Exploring their deeds in this essay, the author seeks to shed new light on these figures' relationships with Rabindranath Tagore, Abanindranath Tagore, and Nandalal Bose. Okakura and these Japanese painters provided technical and iconographic inspiration to Nandalal, and as they did so they were exposed to early twentieth-century India. Their engagement with modern India does not exclude ideological dimensions, and the author touches on those here, as well. Fitting into a project that has a reevaluation of Asian modernism as its ultimate objective, this essay locates these examples of mutual influence between Japan and Bengal within the larger context of Asian intellectual history in the first half of the twentieth century. 1901~02年にインドに初滞在を果たした岡倉覚三は、菱田春草、横山大観をベンガルに派遣した。かれらの帰国の後、1913年岡倉の死後、アジア人として初めてノーベル文学賞を獲得した詩人、ロビンドロナート・タゴールが、1916年に日本を訪れ、原富太郎の三渓園に寄寓する。インドの詩人は下村観山が謡曲を題材とした《弱法師》に感激し、その複製を所望したことから、荒井寛方との交友が芽生え、インドに招かれた寛方は、ノンドラル・ボースほかの現地の画家と交友を育む一方、瀧精一の斡旋も得て、淫田専太郎ほかとともに、アジャンター壁画の模写に従事する。この事業は、追って帰国後、荒井晩年の法隆寺金堂壁画の模写につながる軌跡を描く。本稿では、岡倉の衣鉢を継ぐ日本美術院と、瀧精一が編集長を務めた『國華』との利害を兼備した荒井寛方の位置づけを検討し、その古典作品模写事業を支えた仏教的価値観に迫るとともに、大戦期におけるインドと日本の国民主義さらには超国家思想と美術造形との関わりを、宗教図像の展開のなかに復元する。詩人タゴールが盲目の《弱法師》の心眼に映る西方浄土の太陽の姿に扱んだ教訓は、西欧列強の支配下にあったインドの現状といかに関わっていたのか。それはボース晩年の東洋哲学ヘの傾倒を解き明かす鍵となるのか。そうした論点に論及し、とりあえずの仮説を提起することが、本稿の目的となる。
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View paper →Hooks, Benjamin
Greg Sidberry
African American Studies Center·2009
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View paper →Virtual Self-Modeling: The Effects of Vicarious Reinforcement and Identification on Exercise Behaviors
Jesse Fox, Jeremy N. Bailenson
Media Psychology·2009·378 citations
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View paper →Compiler. Formes, usages et pratiques
Johann Petitjean
Hypothèses·2009·4 citations
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