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A case study to improve the winter thermal comfort of an existing bus station
Ana Rocha, Débora Pinto, Nuno M.M. Ramos, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, Eva Barreira, M. Lurdes Simões, João Poças Martins, Pedro F. Pereira, Luís Sanhudo
Journal of Building Engineering·2020·15 citations
The thermal comfort retrofitting of existing transport stations is an opportunity to increase the interest in the use of public transportation while improving the performance of the building, and consequently reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to implement an innovative methodology to evaluate and improve the thermal comfort of an existing semi-outdoor bus station in the winter season through the application of retrofit solutions. Some research was recently published concerning the evaluation of the thermal environment in semi-outdoor spaces showing that thermal comfort is achievable. The thermal environment of the station was evaluated through an experimental campaign involving the measurement of physical parameters and the application of questionnaires to the passengers. The results of the questionnaires indicate a colder sensation in the morning period and a lower percentage of dissatisfied people when compared to the application of the thermal comfort models. However, the preference of the passengers for a warmer environment was also identified. A realistic thermal comfort target, adapted to this semi-outdoor space, could, therefore, be defined. An innovative integrated methodology articulated in a BIM2BEM approach was applied in this work. The methodology included the joint application of Building Information Modeling and Building Energy Modeling, allowing the simulation of different retrofitting alternatives. The decision-making process was completed with an economic analysis of the alternatives, using the Savings-to-Investment Ratio (SIR) as an indicator. In order to improve the passengers’ thermal comfort, the option to create an enclosed heated waiting area was technically supported by the results of the study.
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View paper →The Atomic Bomb and the Bir omic Bomb and the Birth of Manga: Collectiv th of Manga: Collective Memor e Memory in Post-WWII Japan
Bethany Harris
University of San Diego·2020·27 citations
In the ashes of post-World War II Japan and among the widespread poverty and devastation, cheap entertainment in the form of manga flourished on an unprecedented level. Manga was used not only to reenact and process war trauma, but also as a tool that helped usher in a new era of pro-American democracy and science. Manga in support of Japan’s new image quickly became popularized and embraced by the public, such as Osamu Tezuka’s Astro Boy, but this was only one lens that captured Japanese memory of WWII. Keiji Nakazawa published the first documentary form of manga in his I Saw It, a firsthand account of the Hiroshima bombing. This became popularized because Japan was a victim of the bombings rather than the aggressor. In addition to examining both of these works, this paper will examine Fumiyo Kono's "Town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms," and how the atomic bomb imagery has changed and integrated into modern-day Japan. The argument this paper makes is twofold: manga that was popularized and integrated into collective memory was in support of Japan’s new identity as a peaceful nation, and manga that depicted Japan in a negative light or wrote about wartime atrocities was largely forgotten and did not make it into Japan’s sanitized version of WWII. In modern times, the bomb is viewed as a shared tragedy by all of humanity, and the cities it targeted, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, now serve as beacons of peace.
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