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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Manaswi Gautam, Adarsh Tripathi, Deepanjali Deshmukh, Manisha Gaur

Indian Journal of Psychiatry·2020·104 citations

No abstract available

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Multilevel cultural evolution: From new theory to practical applications

David Sloan Wilson, Guru Madhavan, Michele J. Gelfand, Steven C. Hayes, Paul W. B. Atkins, Rita R. Colwell

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·2023·38 citations

Evolutionary science has led to many practical applications of genetic evolution but few practical uses of cultural evolution. This is because the entire study of evolution was gene centric for most of the 20th century, relegating the study and application of human cultural change to other disciplines. The formal study of human cultural evolution began in the 1970s and has matured to the point of deriving practical applications. We provide an overview of these developments and examples for the topic areas of complex systems science and engineering, economics and business, mental health and well-being, and global change efforts.

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Healthy sleep durations appear to vary across cultures

Christine Ou, Nigel Mantou Lou, Charul Maheshka, Marc Shi, Kosuke Takemura, Benjamin Cheung, Steven J. Heine

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·2025·5 citations

Past research finds that sleep duration is reliably linked with health yet sleep durations differ substantially between countries. We investigated whether countries with shorter sleep durations have worse health. Study 1 analyzed national sleep durations from 14 past investigations ( k = 353) and found that they were not associated with national health. Study 2 collected sleep duration and health data from people from 20 different countries ( N = 4,933). Average sleep durations varied substantially between countries (range = 1.57 h). A quadratic relation between sleep duration and health was found in all countries, although the turning points varied between countries. Individuals whose sleep duration was closer to their country’s perceived ideal reported better health. The results suggest that the amount of sleep associated with optimal health varies across countries.

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Universality of Transition to Chaos in All Kinds of Nonlinear Differential Equations | IntechOpen

Nikolai A. Magnitskii

intechopen.com·2012

Open access peer-reviewed chapter

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“No Bodies to Kick or Souls to Damn”: The Political Origins of Corporate Criminal Liability

Anthony Grasso

Studies in American Political Development·2020·1 citations

AbstractResearch on corporate criminal law has grown since the Great Recession, but corporate criminal liability, the principle charging corporations for crimes, remains understudied. Literature points to a 1909 Supreme Court decision as its basis, but historical analysis of the doctrine's deeper political roots reveal that its development was contingent on the convergence of several unique factors driving turn of the century American politics. First, corporate criminal liability would not have emerged had it not been for shifts in jurisprudential theory reconceptualizing the corporate form as an independent entity. Second, middle managers of railroads emerged as powerful political players during this period who capitalized on this discursive shift to advocate for corporate criminal liability as an alternative to individual liability rules directed against them. Third, the Supreme Court upheld corporate criminal lability in 1909 because it was constructed by the era's Republican majority to protect the party's economic preferences, and corporate criminal liability was viewed as consistent with their conservative agenda. These factors were each necessary, but alone insufficient, in paving the way for the Court to validate the principle in 1909. How they fit together sequentially illuminates how the doctrine's construction was contingent on specific political and historical circumstances.

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Beyond Muller-Lyer: Culture shapes â€˜universal' visual phenomenology in multiple illusions across a rural-urban gradient

Kroupin, Ivan, Davis, Helen Elizabeth, Lopes, Aparicio Jose Paredes, Konkle, Talia, Muthukrishna, Michael

escholarship.org

Author(s): Kroupin, Ivan; Davis, Helen Elizabeth; Lopes, Aparicio Jose Paredes; Konkle, Talia; Muthukrishna, Michael | Abstract: How cultural experience affects visual perception is a question of outstanding interest to debates regarding universality and cultural-specificity in human cognition. Yet, work comparing visual perception in 'typical' urban, industrialized samples with groups living in rural environments, typical for 99% of our species' history is strikingly limited (Deregowski, 2017). Here we more than double the total number of paradigms (visual illusions) in this literature, reporting data from 1) a 'typical' UK/US urban sample 2) a developing Namibian town 3) rural Namibian villages. Results reveal profound differences in visual processing, including aspects previously assumed to be universal (e.g. amodal completion in Gestalt shapes, line perception in the Cafe wall illusion). In contrast to recent arguments for the limited role of cultural experience in visual perception (Amir & Firestone, 2025), the present work indicates that a major research program in CCVS is warranted to capture the ways culture shapes visual perception.

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The cultural construction of “executive function”

Ivan Kroupin, Helen Elizabeth Davis, Emily Burdett, Agustina Bani Cuata, Vahumburuka Hartley, Joseph Henrich

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·2025·2 citations

In cognitive science, the term “executive function” (EF) refers to universal features of the mind. Yet, almost all results described as measuring EF may actually reflect culturally specific cognitive capacities. After all, typical EF measures require forms of decontextualized/arbitrary processing which decades of cross-cultural work indicate develop primarily in “schooled worlds”–industrialized societies with universal schooling. Here, we report comparisons of performance on typical EF tasks by children inside, and wholly outside schooled worlds. Namely, children ages 5 to 18 from a postindustrial context with universal schooling (UK) and their peers in a rural, nonindustrialized context with no exposure to schooling (Kunene region, Namibia/Angola), as well as two samples with intermediate exposure to schooled worlds. In line with extensive previous work on decontextualized/arbitrary processing across such groups, we find skills measured by typical EF tasks do not develop universally: Children from rural groups with limited or no formal schooling show profound, sometimes qualitative, differences in performance compared to their schooled peers and, especially, compared to a “typical” schooled-world sample. In sum, some form of latent cognitive control capacities are obviously crucial in all cultural contexts. However, typical EF tasks almost certainly reflect culturally specific forms of cognitive development. This suggests we must decide between using the term EF to describe 1) universal capacities or 2) the culturally specific skill set reflected in performance on typical tasks. Either option warrants revisiting how we understand what has been measured as EF to date, and what we wish to measure going forward.

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“I know you can do this” versus “How can you be so stupid?” Feedback among Chinese and American young adult friends

Xiaxin Zhong, Jeong Min Lee, Beth Morling

Asian Journal of Social Psychology·2019·1 citations

According to past research, young adults prefer positive feedback from their friends, but emotional reactions to negative feedback are less severe in Korea than in the United States. We extended this past work in several ways: We studied both giving and receiving feedback, recruited Chinese young adults, used realistic scenarios, and employed the situation‐sampling method. Using text‐message‐based vignettes, Study 1 found that both American and Chinese friends used happy emojis when exchanging positive feedback whereas Americans used less positive emojis than did the Chinese when exchanging negative feedback. We then collected actual examples of feedback that people had given to their friends (Study 2a) and showed them to new samples of Chinese and American young adults (Study 2b). This situation‐sampling methodology found that (a) Americans rated negative feedback from both cultures especially negatively, and (b) negative feedback examples from China were rated especially negatively by people in both cultures. That is, although Chinese negative feedback is seemingly more harsh, Chinese young adults do not react as negatively.

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Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?*

Ian Manners

2002

Twenty years ago, in the pages of the, Journal of Common Market Studies, Hedley Bull launched a searing critique of the European Community’s ‘civilian power’ in international affairs. Since that time the increasing role of the European Union (EU) in areas of security and defence policy has led to a seductiveness in adopting the notion of ‘military power Europe’. In contrast, I will attempt to argue that by thinking beyond traditional conceptions of the EU’s international role and examining the case study of its international pursuit of the abolition of the death penalty, we may best conceive of the EU as a ‘normative power Europe’.

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Newest and Lowest Rated Papers

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Multilevel cultural evolution: From new theory to practical applications

Healthy sleep durations appear to vary across cultures

Universality of Transition to Chaos in All Kinds of Nonlinear Differential Equations | IntechOpen

MIT researchers extend tensor programming to the continuous world | MIT CSAIL

Toward an Ecofeminist New Materialism: Agency and Action in a More-Than-Human World | Hypatia | Cambridge Core

“No Bodies to Kick or Souls to Damn”: The Political Origins of Corporate Criminal Liability

Beyond Muller-Lyer: Culture shapes â€˜universal' visual phenomenology in multiple illusions across a rural-urban gradient

The cultural construction of “executive function”

“I know you can do this” versus “How can you be so stupid?” Feedback among Chinese and American young adult friends

Bodily maps of exercise-induced feelings

Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?*