Black parent-child ethnic-racial socialization reporting discrepancies and links with youth's ethnic-racial identity

N Keita Christophe, Shayndel Jim, Tripat K Rihal, Felicia J Gutierrez, Ariane Desmarais, Josefina Bañales, Elan C Hope, Ming-Te Wang

Child Development2/4/2026·DOI·Read paper

Abstract

Abstract This study used latent difference score modeling to identify parent- and child-reported discrepancies in parental cultural socialization (teaching about one's racial group) and preparation for bias (teaching about racism and coping) reports and relations to youth ethnic-racial identity in two samples of Black parent-adolescent dyads. Across Study 1 (collected 2016, cross-sectional, Ndyads = 604, youth Mage = 15.44, 47.5% girls, 84.6% mothers) and 2 (two waves, collected 2021–2022, Ndyads = 149, youth Mage = 14.93, 57% girls, 87.9% mothers), dyads did not report discrepant levels of parental cultural socialization. In Study 1, youth reported receiving more preparation for bias than parents reported giving; the opposite pattern emerged in Study 2. Between-study differences highlight complex relational processes underlying socialization and identity.

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