Oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formulas compared to human milk – A preliminary study
Marie‐Caroline Michalski, Catherine Calzada, Asami Makino, Sabine Michaud, Michel Guichardant
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research12/1/2008·DOI·Read paper
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Information about lipid oxidation in fresh and stored human milk compared with infant formulas is scarce. We aimed to assess<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐6 and<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA oxidation in these milks by measuring the 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) and 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE) content. Human milk samples (<jats:italic>n </jats:italic>= 4), obtained from volunteer mothers, were analyzed fresh and after 1 wk at 4°C or 24 h at 18°C. Vitamin E and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by HPLC and fatty acid profile by GC. The 4‐HHE and 4‐HNE contents were measured by GC‐MS. Infant formulas (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10) were tested; their fat droplet size was measured by laser light scattering and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Human milk samples contained 31.0 ± 6.3 g/L of lipids and 1.14 ± 0.26 mg/L of vitamin E. Fat droplets were smaller in infant formulas than reported in human milk. The (4‐HHE/<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA) ratio was 0.19 ± 0.01 μg/g in fresh human milk (unchanged after storage)<jats:italic> versus</jats:italic> 3.6 ± 3.1 μg/g in dissolved powder formulas and 4.3 ± 3.8 μg/g in liquid formula. (4‐HNE/<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐6 PUFA) was 0.004 ± 0.000 μg/g in fresh milk (0.03 ± 0.01 μg/g after storage) <jats:italic>versus</jats:italic> 1.1 ± 1.0 μg/g in dissolved powder formulas and 0.2 ± 0.3 μg/g in liquid formula. Infant formulas also contained more MDA than human milk.<jats:italic> n</jats:italic>‐3 PUFA were more prone to oxidation than <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>‐6 PUFA. Whether threshold levels of 4‐HHE and 4‐HNE would be of health concern should be elucidated.</jats:p>
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